Determination of Deficiency Symptoms of Some Plant Nutrition Elements in Hazelnut in Water Culture Systems

Abstract

Balanced nutrition of plants is important in order to attain high amounts of quality yield. This study was carried out to determine the deficiency symptoms of plant nutrient elements such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in hazelnut in water culture systems. The experiment was arranged according to a completely randomized plot design with three replicates, four doses and with five rooted hazelnut plants in each replicate in the water culture system. N was prepared in doses of 0 mg.L-1, 100 mg.L-1, 200 mg.L-1, 300 mg.L-1, P in doses of 0 mg.L-1, 20 mg.L-1, 40 mg.L-1, 60 mg.L-1, K in doses of 0 mg.L-1, 150 mg.L-1, 300 mg.L-1, 450 mg.L-1, Ca in doses of 0 mg.L-1, 125 mg.L-1, 250 mg.L-1, 375 mg.L-1, Mg in doses of 0 mg.L-1, 25 mg.L-1, 50 mg.L-1, 75 mg.L-1 and in an exact nutrient solution (control). After rooted hazelnut plants had been grown for two months, deficiency symptoms of N, P, K, Ca and Mg were observed. When the five nutrient elements were not in the solution, deficiency symptoms occurred. Deficiency symptoms decreased depending on the increasing nutrient concentration and, in particular, the best growth was observed in nutrient solutions of 450 mg.L-1 of K and 75 mg.L-1 of Mg concentration. In addition, new adventitious root formation increased in concentrated solutions of 450 mg.L-1 of K, 75 mg.L-1 of Mg and 375 mg.L-1 of Ca. During the experiment, plants were analyzed to determine the nutrition level of the 'Tombul' hazelnut in different nutrient concentrations. The results showed that N, P, K, Ca and Mg contents in the 'Tombul' hazelnut increased depending on their increasing concentration.