Bu çalışmada, Trabzon İli Beşikdüzü İlçesi’nde farklı rakımda ve farklı arazi
kullanımı altındaki toprakların fiziko-kimyasal özellikleri ve verimlilik durumunun
belirlenmesi araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla araştırma sahasında, iki farklı arazi kullanım
şeklinden (fındık ve orman) fizyografik koşullara göre ilçeyi temsil edecek 20
mahalle değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. Sahil ve orta kolda bulunan 12 mahallede fındık
alanlarından, yüksek kolda bulunan 8 mahallede fındık-orman alanlarından toprak
örneklemesi yapılmıştır. İki farklı derinlik kademesinden (0-30 cm, 30-60 cm) alınan
toprak örneklerinde, bünye, hacim ağırlığı, nem sabiteleri, havalanma yüzdesi, makro
ve mikro por yüzdesi, hidrolik iletkenlik gibi fiziksel özellikler, pH, organik madde,
kireç, elektriksel iletkenlik gibi kimyasal özellikler belirlenmiştir. Araştırma alanının
verimlilik durumunu ortaya koymak için toplam azot, bitkiye yarayışlı fosfor,
alınabilir potasyum ve toplam demir, mangan, bakır ve çinko besin elementi
analizleri yapılmıştır.
Sahil ve orta kol yer alan fındık arazileri tın, kil tın ve kumlu tın, yüksek kolda
bulunan orman alanları kumlu killi tın ve kumlu tın bünye hakimdir. Toprak hacim
ağırlığı fındık arazilerinde orman alanlarına göre daha çıkmıştır. Her iki arazi için
tüm rakımlarda topraklar hafif asit reaksiyonlu, kireçsiz ve tuzluluk sorunu
taşımamaktadır. Organik madde miktarı fındık arazilerinde orman alanlarına göre
daha düşük çıkmış, genel olarak orta ve yüksek olarak sınıflanmıştır. Toplam azot
içeriği fındık arazilerinde yeterli, orman alanlarında daha düşük olmakla birlikte,
%59’ u fazla-çok fazla sınıfındadır. Toprakların %32’sinin fosfor içeriği çok fazla,
%64’ünün potasyum içeriği çok yüksek sınıfındadır. Mikro besin elementlerinden
toprakların tümü demir kapsamı bakımından yeterli, %82’si çinko kapsamı
bakımından iyi sınıfındadır. Bakır kapsamı bakımından toprakların tümü yetersiz
oluken, mangan kapsamı az-yeter sınıfında eşit dağlılım göstermiştir. Toprakların
verimlilik durumları sahilden yüksek rakıma doğru gittikçe artış gösterirken, toprak
derinliğine bağlı olarak da azalma meydana geldiği belirlenmiştir.,In this study, the determination of physico-chemical properties and fertility status of
soils under different altitude and different land use in Beşikdüzü District of Trabzon
Province were investigated. For this purpose, 20 districts representing two different
land use types (hazelnut and forest) according to physiographic conditions were
evaluated. Soil sampling was done from hazelnut areas in 12 districts in the coastal
and middle altitude and from hazelnut-forest areas in 8 districts in the high altitude.
In soil samples taken from two different depth levels (0-30 cm, 30-60 cm), physical
properties such as texture, bulk density, moisture characteristics, percentage of
hydraulic, percentage of macro and micro pores, hydraulic conductivity and chemical
properties such as pH, organic matter, lime, electrical conduvtivity were determined.
Total nitrogen, available phosphorus and potassium for plant, and total iron,
manganese, copper and zinc nutrient elements analyzes were carried out in order to
reveal the productivity of the research area.
The hazelnut lands located in the coastal and middle altitudes are dominated by
loam, clay loam and sandy loam, and forest areas located in the high altitude are
sandy clay loam and sandy loam. Soil bulk density is higher in hazelnut lands
compared to forest areas. Soils at all altitudes for both lands have mild acid reaction,
lime-free and no salinity problems. The amount of organic matter content was lower
in hazelnut lands compared to forest areas and generally classified as medium and
high. Total nitrogen content was sufficient in hazelnut lands and lower in forest
areas, even so, 59% was classificated more-too much class. Phosphorus content of
32% of the soils were too much, potassium content of 64% was very high class. All
of soils were sufficient in terms of iron content, 82% were good in terms of zinc
content. In terms of copper content, all soils were inadequate and manganese content
was equally distributed in less-sufficient class. While the fertility of the soils
increased from the coast to the higher altitude and decreased depending on the the
soildepth.
In this study, the determination of physico-chemical properties and fertility status of
soils under different altitude and different land use in Beşikdüzü District of Trabzon
Province were investigated. For this purpose, 20 districts representing two different
land use types (hazelnut and forest) according to physiographic conditions were
evaluated. Soil sampling was done from hazelnut areas in 12 districts in the coastal
and middle altitude and from hazelnut-forest areas in 8 districts in the high altitude.
In soil samples taken from two different depth levels (0-30 cm, 30-60 cm), physical
properties such as texture, bulk density, moisture characteristics, percentage of
hydraulic, percentage of macro and micro pores, hydraulic conductivity and chemical
properties such as pH, organic matter, lime, electrical conduvtivity were determined.
Total nitrogen, available phosphorus and potassium for plant, and total iron,
manganese, copper and zinc nutrient elements analyzes were carried out in order to
reveal the productivity of the research area.
The hazelnut lands located in the coastal and middle altitudes are dominated by
loam, clay loam and sandy loam, and forest areas located in the high altitude are
sandy clay loam and sandy loam. Soil bulk density is higher in hazelnut lands
compared to forest areas. Soils at all altitudes for both lands have mild acid reaction,
lime-free and no salinity problems. The amount of organic matter content was lower
in hazelnut lands compared to forest areas and generally classified as medium and
high. Total nitrogen content was sufficient in hazelnut lands and lower in forest
areas, even so, 59% was classificated more-too much class. Phosphorus content of
32% of the soils were too much, potassium content of 64% was very high class. All
of soils were sufficient in terms of iron content, 82% were good in terms of zinc
content. In terms of copper content, all soils were inadequate and manganese content
was equally distributed in less-sufficient class. While the fertility of the soils
increased from the coast to the higher altitude and decreased depending on the the
soildepth.
