Effects of angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibition on pulmonary arterial stiffness in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction

Abstract

The sacubitril/valsartan combination is an important agent used in the treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Pulmonary artery stiffness (PAS) is an index developed to evaluate the pulmonary vascular bed. Changes in pulmonary vascular structures in HFrEF patients can affect PAS. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of sacubitril/valsartan on PAS in HFrEF patients. One hundred fifty HFrEF patients, who received sacubitril/valsartan therapy and continued for at least 6 months without interruption, were examined retrospectively. N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels (NT-proBNP), NYHA classes, Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLWHFQ) scores, New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classes and echocardiograpic parameters such as left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP), right ventricle myocardial performance index (RV-MPI), Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), right ventricular fractional area change (RV-FAC) and PAS changes were evaluated before and 6 months after sacubitril/valsartan treatment. PAS was calculated by using the maximal frequency shift and acceleration time of the pulmonary artery flow trace measured in the echocardiogram. PAS values were significantly reduced (23.8 +/- 2.8 vs 19.1 +/- 3.1 kHz/ms, p < 0.001) after the sacubitril/valsartan treatment. Sacubitril/valsartan treatment was associated with significant improvements in NYHA class and MLWHFQ scores; significant reductions in the NT-proBNP levels, mPAP, and RV-MPI, and significant increases in LVEF, TAPSE, and RV-FAC (p < 0.05). The significant reduction in the PAS value was significantly correlated with the improvements in the MLWFQ scores, NT-proBNP levels, mPAP, RV-MPI, TAPSE and RV-FAC. In HFrEF patients, switching from angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin II receptor blocker therapy to sacubitril/valsartan may result in reduction in PAS.