Ordu İlindeki Kivi Bahçelerinde Kök Çürüklüğüne Neden Olan Fusarıum Türlerinin ve Patojenisitelerinin Belirlenmesi

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Ordu ili ve ilçelerinde kivi bahçelerinde kök çürüklüğüne neden olan Fusarium türlerini tanımlamak ve onların patojenisitelerini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Bu amaçla, 2014 yılında, Ordu İli ticari kivi yetiştiriciliğinin yaklaşık %97'sini kapsayan Altınordu, Perşembe, Gülyalı, Fatsa, Ünye, İkizce, Ulubey ve Çaybaşı ilçelerinden toplam 118 bahçede inceleme yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, kivi bahçelerinde hastalıklı bitkilerden toplam 136 Fusarium spp. izolatı elde edilmiştir. İzolatların %57.35 (78 adet)'inin Fusarium oxysporum'a, %15.44 (21 adet)'ünin F. solani'ye, %7.35 (10 adet)'inin F. redolens'e, %5.88 (8 adet)'inin F. equiseti'ye, %2.94 (4 adet)'ünün F. culmorum'a, %2.21 (3 adet)'inin F. verticilloides'e, %2.21 (3 adet)'inin Fusarium sp.'ye, %1.47 (2 adet)'sinin F. vetricosum'a, %1.47 (2 adet)'sinin F. acuminatum'a, %0.74 (1 adet)'ünün F. compactum'a, %0.74 (1 adet)'ünün F. sacchari var. elangatum'a, %0.74 (1 adet)'ünün F. semitectum'a, %0.74 (1 adet)'ünün F. subglutinans'a ve %0.74 (1 adet)'ünün F. tabacinum'a ait olduğu belirlenmiştir. İzolatların yaklaşık %20.59 (28 adet)'u kullanılarak kivi fideleri ile yürütülen patojenisite testlerinde, izolatların hastalık şiddeti skalası 0.25-4.0 arasında değiştiği tespit edilmiştir. Patojenisite testinde kullanılan izolatlardan, 65-5-1, 87-1-1, 66-3-2 ve 69-2-2 (F. solani); 126-2-2, 97-3-2, 105-2-1 ve 51-1-1 (F. oxysporum); ve 75-5-1 ve 76-4-1 (F. verticilloides) en virülent bulunan izolatlardır. Yukarıda belirtilen izolatların virülenslikleri ile F. acuminatum F. compactum, F. culmorum, F. equiseti, F. sacchari var. elangatum, F. semitectum, F. subglutinans, F. tabacinum, F. ventricosum ve Fusarium sp. izolatlarının virülenslikleri arasındaki farklılık istatistiksel olarak önemli bulunmuştur (P<0.05). Ayrıca, F. solani ve F. verticilloides'in tüm izolatları ve F. oxysporum (126-2-2, 97-3-2, 105-2-1 ve 51-1-1)'un bazı izolatları bitki gelişim parametreleri (bitki boyu, kök uzunluğu ve kök ve bitki gövde kuru ağırlıkları)'ni kontrol bitkilerine kıyasla önemli ölçüde azaltmışlardır (P<0.05).,This study was carried out in order to define disease agents that cause Fusarium root rot in kiwifruit orchards in Ordu province, and to determine their pathogenicity. For this purpose, a total of 118 kiwifruit orchards in Altınordu, Perşembe, Gülyalı, Fatsa, Ünye, İkizce, Ulubey and Çaybaşı districts, where contain approximately 97% of commercial kiwifruit cultivation of Ordu province, were investigated in 2014. As a result of the study, a total of 136 Fusarium spp. isolates were obtained from the diseased plants in the kiwifruit orchards. It was determined that 57.35% (78) of the isolates belong to Fusarium oxysporum, 15.44% (21) to F. solani, 7.35% (10) to F. redolens, 5.88% (8) to F. equiseti, 2.94% (4) to F. culmorum, 2.21% (3) to F. verticilloides, 2.21% (3) to Fusarium sp., 1.47% (2) to F. vetricosum, 1.47% (2) to F. acuminatum, 0.74% (1) to F. compactum, 0.74% (1) to F. sacchari var. elangatum, 0.74% (1) to F. semitectum, 0.74% (1) to F. subglutinans and 0.74% (1) to F. tabacinum. In the pathogenicity tests carried out using approximately 20.59% (28) of the isolates on kiwifruit seedlings, it was found that the virulence of the isolates ranged between 0.25 to 4.0. Of the isolates used in this test, 65-5-1, 87-1-1, 66-3-2 and 69-2-2 (F. solani); 126-2-2, 97-3-2, 105-2-1 and 51-1-1 (F. oxysporum); and 75-5-1 and 76-4-1 (F. verticilloides) were the most virulent isolates. The difference between the virulence of the above-mentioned isolates and that of F. acuminatum F. compactum, F. culmorum, F. equiseti, F. sacchari var. elangatum, F. semitectum, F. subglutinans, F. tabacinum, F. ventricosum and Fusarium sp. isolates was statistically significant (P<0.05). In addition, all isolates of F. solani and F. verticilloides, and some isolates of F. oxysporum (126-2-2, 97-3-2, 105-2-1 ve 51-1-1) significantly reduced plant growth parameters (plant height, root length, and dry weights of shoot and root) compared to control plants (P<0.05).

,This study was carried out in order to define disease agents that cause Fusarium root rot in kiwifruit orchards in Ordu province, and to determine their pathogenicity. For this purpose, a total of 118 kiwifruit orchards in Altınordu, Perşembe, Gülyalı, Fatsa, Ünye, İkizce, Ulubey and Çaybaşı districts, where contain approximately 97% of commercial kiwifruit cultivation of Ordu province, were investigated in 2014. As a result of the study, a total of 136 Fusarium spp. isolates were obtained from the diseased plants in the kiwifruit orchards. It was determined that 57.35% (78) of the isolates belong to Fusarium oxysporum, 15.44% (21) to F. solani, 7.35% (10) to F. redolens, 5.88% (8) to F. equiseti, 2.94% (4) to F. culmorum, 2.21% (3) to F. verticilloides, 2.21% (3) to Fusarium sp., 1.47% (2) to F. vetricosum, 1.47% (2) to F. acuminatum, 0.74% (1) to F. compactum, 0.74% (1) to F. sacchari var. elangatum, 0.74% (1) to F. semitectum, 0.74% (1) to F. subglutinans and 0.74% (1) to F. tabacinum. In the pathogenicity tests carried out using approximately 20.59% (28) of the isolates on kiwifruit seedlings, it was found that the virulence of the isolates ranged between 0.25 to 4.0. Of the isolates used in this test, 65-5-1, 87-1-1, 66-3-2 and 69-2-2 (F. solani); 126-2-2, 97-3-2, 105-2-1 and 51-1-1 (F. oxysporum); and 75-5-1 and 76-4-1 (F. verticilloides) were the most virulent isolates. The difference between the virulence of the above-mentioned isolates and that of F. acuminatum F. compactum, F. culmorum, F. equiseti, F. sacchari var. elangatum, F. semitectum, F. subglutinans, F. tabacinum, F. ventricosum and Fusarium sp. isolates was statistically significant (P<0.05). In addition, all isolates of F. solani and F. verticilloides, and some isolates of F. oxysporum (126-2-2, 97-3-2, 105-2-1 ve 51-1-1) significantly reduced plant growth parameters (plant height, root length, and dry weights of shoot and root) compared to control plants (P<0.05).