Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Four Lamiaceae Species Cultivated in Barnyard Manure

Abstract

The present study was conducted to determine essential oil yields, essential oil compositions, total phenolics, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of organic manure-treated medicinal plants of Salvia officinalis L. (sage), Lavandula angustifolia L. (lavender), Melissa officinalis L. (lemon balm) and Origanum vulgare ssp. hirtum (origano). Essential oil yields of investigated medicinal plants varied between 0.06 +/- 0.01%-3.43 +/- 0.06%. The 1,8-cineol (15.285 +/- 0.003%), viridiflorol (12.095 +/- 0.003%) and cis-thujone (12.200 +/- 0.003%) were the major essential oil components in S. officinalis L. Linalool (22.400 +/- 0.003%) 1,8-cineol (8.215 +/- 0.003%), linalyl acetate (7.900 +/- 0.003%) and lavadulyl acetate (7.690 +/- 0.003%) were the major components in L. angustifolia L. Citronellal (14.515 +/- 0.003%), geranial (13.050 +/- 0.003%) and beta-caryophyllene (12.385 +/- 0.003%) were the major components in M. officinalis L. and carvacrol (65.080 +/- 0.003%) was the major component in O. vulgare ssp. hirtum. The highest total phenolics content and antioxidant activity were observed in M. officinalis. The best antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 and Escherichia coli ATCC 35218 bacteria was observed in O. vulgare ssp. hirtum.