Türkiye'de Cumhuriyetin İlanından Günümüze Kadar Su Ürünleri Kamu Örgütlenmeleri ve Desteklemeleri

Abstract

Bu araştırmada, Cumhuriyetin kurulduğu ilk yıllardan günümüze kadar olan süreç içerisinde Türkiye’deki su ürünleri yönetimim kamu örgütlenmeleri ve desteklemeleri araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla, konuyla ilgili ayrıntılı arşiv ve kaynak taraması yapılmıştır. Elde edilen bilgilerden, söz konusu dönem süreç içerisindeki kamu örgütlenmeleri ve su ürünlerine verilen destekler belirlenmiştir. Cumhuriyetin ilan edildiği dönemde su ürünleri yönetimi nizamnamelerle yönetilmiş; 1939 yılında su ürünleri yönetim yetkileri Ulaştırma Bakanlığına devredilmiştir. Daha sonraki yıllarda ise, su ürünleri avlanma yerlerinin kiralama işlemi Maliye Bakanlığı tarafından yapıldığından su ürünleri yönetim yetkisi de Ulaştırma Bakanlığından alınarak Maliye Bakanlığına verilmiştir. Bu bakanlık bünyesinde de yeterli bir gelişme sağlanamadığı tespit edilince, su ürünleri yönetim yetkileri 1950 yılında Ekonomi ve Ticaret Bakanlığı bünyesinde kurulan Balıkçılık ve Avcılık İşleri Genel Müdürlüğüne devredilmiştir. 1971 yılına gelindiğinde, Türkiye’de su ürünleri yönetimi Tarım Bakanlığına devredilmiş ve su ürünleri o yıldan buyana da aynı bakanlık tarafından yönetilmektedir. Günümüzde, balıkçılığın yönetimi Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı bünyesinde bulunan Balıkçılık ve Su Ürünleri Genel Müdürlüğü tarafından sürdürülmekte iken, araştırma faaliyetleri Tarımsal Araştırmalar ve Politikalar Genel Müdürlüğü tarafından yürütülmektedir. Su ürünleri desteklemelerine bakıldığında, 1942 yılında Ticaret Bakanlığı ve Halk Bankası tarafından su ürünleri üretiminin artırılmasına yönelik bir çalışma programının hazırlandığı ve ilk kez su ürünleri alanında üretim ve işleme yatırımlarına kredi sağlama konusunda Halk Bankasının yetkilendirildiği görülmektedir. Daha sonraki süreç içerisinde balık nakliyesi için Devlet Demiryollarınca düşük tarife uygulanmış, Marshall Yardımları kapsamında 1949-1950 yılı programında balıkçılığının kalkındırılması amacıyla iki buçuk milyon dolar tahsis edilmiştir. Sektörün gelişmesi için en önemli desteklemeler ise 1980’li yıllarda yapılmaya başlanmıştır. Söz konusu yıllarda av filosunun güçlendirilmesi, balık unu ve balık yağı fabrikalarının kurulması için önemli teşvikler sağlanmış, kültür balıkçılığına da çok önemli destekler verilmeye başlanmıştır. Günümüzde de özellikle kültür balıkçılığının artırılması için sektöre önemli destekler verilmektedir.,In this study, since the establishment of the Republic of Turkey, the fisheries management organizations and fisheries supports of the government were investigated. For this purpose, a detailed archive and literature review were conducted. From the obtained information, the government organizations and government supports of the fishery in that period were determined. In the early years of the Republic, fisheries was managed only by some regulations. In 1939, fisheries management authority was given to the Ministry of Transport. In the following years, since the leasing process of the fisheries areas was carried out by the Ministry of Finance, the authority to manage the fishery was taken from the Ministry of Transportation and assigned to the Ministry of Finance. When it was determined that there was not enough development within this ministry, the fisheries management authority was transferred to the General Directorate of Fisheries established in 1950 under the Ministry of Economy and Trade. In 1971, fisheries management was transferred to the Ministry of Agriculture, and since then the fisheries in Turkey has been managed by this ministry. Nowadays, the management of fisheries is carried out by the General Directorate of Fisheries within the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, while the research activities are carried out by the General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies. When the fisheries supports are examined, it is seen that in 1942 a work program was prepared by the Ministry of Trade and Halk Bank to increase the production of fisheries and for the first time the Halk Bank was authorized to provide loans for production and processing investments. In the following period, a low wage tariff was applied by the State Railways for the transportation of fish and two and a half million dollars were allocated for the development of fishery in the program of 1949-1950 within the scope of Marshall Aids. In the following period, the State Railways applied low tariffs for the transportation of fish and two and a half million dollars were allocated for the development of fisheries in the 1949-1950 program by Marshall supports. The most important supports for the development of the sector began to be made in the 1980s. In these years, important incentives were provided for the strengthening of the fishing fleet and the establishment of fish meal and fish oil plants and very important support was given to aquaculture. Today, especially in order to increase the production of aquaculture, important supports are given to the sector.

,In this study, since the establishment of the Republic of Turkey, the fisheries management organizations and fisheries supports of the government were investigated. For this purpose, a detailed archive and literature review were conducted. From the obtained information, the government organizations and government supports of the fishery in that period were determined. In the early years of the Republic, fisheries was managed only by some regulations. In 1939, fisheries management authority was given to the Ministry of Transport. In the following years, since the leasing process of the fisheries areas was carried out by the Ministry of Finance, the authority to manage the fishery was taken from the Ministry of Transportation and assigned to the Ministry of Finance. When it was determined that there was not enough development within this ministry, the fisheries management authority was transferred to the General Directorate of Fisheries established in 1950 under the Ministry of Economy and Trade. In 1971, fisheries management was transferred to the Ministry of Agriculture, and since then the fisheries in Turkey has been managed by this ministry. Nowadays, the management of fisheries is carried out by the General Directorate of Fisheries within the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, while the research activities are carried out by the General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies. When the fisheries supports are examined, it is seen that in 1942 a work program was prepared by the Ministry of Trade and Halk Bank to increase the production of fisheries and for the first time the Halk Bank was authorized to provide loans for production and processing investments. In the following period, a low wage tariff was applied by the State Railways for the transportation of fish and two and a half million dollars were allocated for the development of fishery in the program of 1949-1950 within the scope of Marshall Aids. In the following period, the State Railways applied low tariffs for the transportation of fish and two and a half million dollars were allocated for the development of fisheries in the 1949-1950 program by Marshall supports. The most important supports for the development of the sector began to be made in the 1980s. In these years, important incentives were provided for the strengthening of the fishing fleet and the establishment of fish meal and fish oil plants and very important support was given to aquaculture. Today, especially in order to increase the production of aquaculture, important supports are given to the sector.