Farklı Fosfor ve Çinko Dozları Uygulanan Kardelende (Galanthus Elwesii Hook.) Fenolik Bileşikler, Alkaloit İçeriği ve Antioksidan Aktivitenin Bitki Organlarına ve Gelişme Dönemlerine Göre Değişimi

Abstract

Kardelen, Amaryllidaceae familyasına ait nivalin, tazettin, galantamin ve likorin gibi alkoloidleri içeren ve tıbbi değeri yüksek olan bir cinstir. Bu araştırma, Toros Kardeleni (Galanthus elwesii Hook) türünde fosfor ve çinko uygulamalarının fenolik bileşikler ve antioksidan aktivite üzerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Bölünmüş Parseller deneme deseninde 3 tekerrürlü olarak 2017-2018 ve 2018-2019 yetiştirme dönemlerinde iki yıl yürütülen denemelerde ana parsellerde fosfor dozları (0, 3, 6 ve 12 kg/da P2O5), alt parsellerde çinko dozları (0, 2.5, 5 ve 10 kg/da ZnSO4) yer almıştır. Bitkiler farklı gelişme dönemleri (çiçeklenme ve meyve olgunlaşma) ve bitki organları (toprakaltı ve topraküstü) esas alınarak hasat edilmiştir. Hasat edilen bitki örneklerinde toplam fenolik, toplam flavonoid, galantamin, likorin ve total alkaloit içerikleri ile fenolik bileşikler ve antioksidan aktivite belirlenmiştir. Fosfor dozlarının etkisinin sadece meyve olgunlaşma döneminde hasat edilen topraküstü organların total alkaloit miktarında önemli olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çinko dozlarının etkisi çiçeklenme döneminde hasat edilen toprakaltı ve topraküstü organların total alkaloit miktarında önemli çıkmıştır. Çiçeklenme döneminde hasat edilen toprakaltı organların toplam flavonoid miktarında fosfor x çinko interaksiyonu istatistiki olarak önemlidir. Galanthus elwesii’nin ana fenolik bileşeninin gallik asit olduğu belirlenmiş ve en yüksek antioksidan aktivite (%81.88) meyve olgunlaşma döneminde topraküstü organlarda tespit edilmiştir. Likorin ve total alkaloit içeriği en yüksek seviyeye (sırasıyla 26.90 μg/g ve 360.79 mg/g) çiçeklenme döneminde ulaşmıştır. En yüksek galantamin içeriği toprakaltı organlarda (69.66 μg/g) meyve olgunlaşma döneminde hasat edilen bitkilerden alınmıştır. Likorin ve total alkaloit içeriği meyve olgunlaşma döneminde, çiçeklenme dönemine göre daha düşüktür. Total alkaloit, galantamin ve likorin içeriklerinin topraküstü organlarda, toprakaltı organlara oranla daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, Galanthus elwesii Hook. kardelen türünde antioksidan aktivitenin çiçeklenme dönemi < meyve olgunlaşma dönemi sıralamasını izlediği tespit edilmiştir.,Snowdrop is a medicinally important genus of the Amaryllidaceae family, including alkaloids such as nivalin, tazettine, galantamine, and lycorine. This research was carried out to determine the effect of phosphorus and zinc applications on phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in Giant Snowdrop (Galanthus elwesii Hook). Phosphorus doses (0, 30, 60, and 120 kg ha-1 P2O5) were allotted to the main plots and zinc doses (0, 25, 50, and 100 kg ha-1 ZnSO4) to the subplots in field experiments set up in a split plot design with three reps in 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 growing seasons. Giant snowdrops were harvested according to plant organs (under- and aboveground) and growing stages (flowering and fruit ripening). Total phenolic, total flavonoids, phenolic compounds, galantamin, lycorine, total alkaloids and antioxidant activity were determined in plant extracts of the sample. The effect of phosphorus doses was only significant on total alkaloids of the aboveground organs harvested at fruit ripening stage. The effect of zinc doses was found to be significant on total alkaloids of underground and aboveground organs harvested at flowering stage. Interaction effect of phosphorus and was significant in the content of total flavonoid of underground organs harvested at flowering stage. The main phenolic component of Galanthus elwesii was found to be Gallic acid and the highest antioxidant activity (81.88%) was found in aboveground organs harvested at fruit ripening. The highest amount of lycorine and total alkaloid was determined (26.90 μg/g, 360.79 mg/g, respectively) at flowering stage. The highest amount of galantamine (69.66 μg/g) was in underground organs of fruit ripening stage. The contents of lycorine and total alkaloid of the plant samples were lower in fruit ripening stage than in flowering. On the other hand, total alkaloid, galantamin and lycorine contents of aboveground organs were higher than those of underground organs. In conclusion, antioxidant activity of giant snowdrop (Galanthus elwesii Hook) were found to be in descending of flowering < fruit ripening stages.

Snowdrop is a medicinally important genus of the Amaryllidaceae family, including alkaloids such as nivalin, tazettine, galantamine, and lycorine. This research was carried out to determine the effect of phosphorus and zinc applications on phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in Giant Snowdrop (Galanthus elwesii Hook). Phosphorus doses (0, 30, 60, and 120 kg ha-1 P2O5) were allotted to the main plots and zinc doses (0, 25, 50, and 100 kg ha-1 ZnSO4) to the subplots in field experiments set up in a split plot design with three reps in 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 growing seasons. Giant snowdrops were harvested according to plant organs (under- and aboveground) and growing stages (flowering and fruit ripening). Total phenolic, total flavonoids, phenolic compounds, galantamin, lycorine, total alkaloids and antioxidant activity were determined in plant extracts of the sample. The effect of phosphorus doses was only significant on total alkaloids of the aboveground organs harvested at fruit ripening stage. The effect of zinc doses was found to be significant on total alkaloids of underground and aboveground organs harvested at flowering stage. Interaction effect of phosphorus and was significant in the content of total flavonoid of underground organs harvested at flowering stage. The main phenolic component of Galanthus elwesii was found to be Gallic acid and the highest antioxidant activity (81.88%) was found in aboveground organs harvested at fruit ripening. The highest amount of lycorine and total alkaloid was determined (26.90 μg/g, 360.79 mg/g, respectively) at flowering stage. The highest amount of galantamine (69.66 μg/g) was in underground organs of fruit ripening stage. The contents of lycorine and total alkaloid of the plant samples were lower in fruit ripening stage than in flowering. On the other hand, total alkaloid, galantamin and lycorine contents of aboveground organs were higher than those of underground organs. In conclusion, antioxidant activity of giant snowdrop (Galanthus elwesii Hook) were found to be in descending of flowering < fruit ripening stages.