Ordu İli Sığırcılık İşletmelerinin Yapısal Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi

Abstract

Bu araştırmada, Ordu ilindeki sığırcılık işletmelerinin yapısal özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada Ordu ilinin merkezinde ve ilçelerinde bulunan sığırcılık işletmelerinde yapılan anketlerden elde edilen veriler kullanılmıştır. Anket yapılan işletmeler hayvan sayılarına göre ≥5 büyükbaş, 6-15 büyükbaş, 16-29 büyükbaş ve ≤ 30 büyükbaş olmak üzere dört sınıfa ayrılmıştır. İncelenen işletmelerin %7.74’ünde işletme sahiplerinin okur-yazar olmadığı ve %54.16’sının ise ilkokul mezunu olduğu belirlenmiştir. İşletmelerin %44.87’sinde hane genişliğinin 4 kişiden fazla olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Yetiştiricilerin %23.21’i herhangi bir sosyal güvencesinin olmadığını belirtmiştir. Yetiştiricilerin %87.91’inin hayvancılıkla ilgili herhangi bir kursa katılmadığı ve sadece %11.80’inin katıldığı belirlenmiştir. İşletme sahiplerinin %72.53’ünün herhangi bir tarımsal örgüte üye olmadığı ve yetiştiricilerin %44.29’unun hayvancılık deneyimlerinin 11-20 yıl arasında değiştiği saptanmıştır. İşletmelerin %62.86’sında hayvan sayısının beş ya da beşten küçük olduğu tespit edilmiştir. İşletmelerin %45.07’sinde melez sığır yetiştirilmekte olup işletmelerin %62.09’unda kombine (süt ve et) üretim yapılmaktadır. Yetiştiricilerin %72.53’ünün hayvancılık yapmaktan memnun olduğu ve işletmelerin %48.55’inde en önemli sorunun yem fiyatlarının yüksekliği olduğu tespit edilmiştir. İşletmelerin %83.56’sında sağımın elle yapıldığı ve işletmelerin %60.93’ünde ahır tabanının beton olduğu belirlenmiştir. Yine işletmelerin %90.72’sinde silaj çukurunun bulunmadığı ve işletmelerin %53.58’inde kayıt tutulmadığı tespit edilmiştir. İşletmelerin %97.68’inde sağımhane ve %64.41’inde ise buzağı bölmesi bulunmadığı saptanmıştır. Ahırların %82.98’i bağlı duraklı olup %71.18’inde ahşap çatı bulunmaktadır. Ahırların %4.26’sında pencere olmadığı ve %42.55’inde ise gübre çukuru (fosseptik) bulunmadığı belirlenmiştir.,The aim of this study was to determine the structural characteristics of cattle farms in Ordu. In the study, data that were obtained by conducting surveys in cattle farms located in the center and districts of Ordu province were used. The surveyed enterprises were divided into four groups according to the number of animals that they have; ≥ 5 cattle, 6-15 cattle, 16-29 cattle and ≥ 30 cattle. 7.74% of the enterprises examined was determined to be owned by person who is not literate and 54.16% of the owners are primary school graduates. It was determined that the household comprises more than 4 persons in 44.87% of the enterprises. 23.21% of the breeders stated that they do not have social security. It was found that 87.91% of the breeders have not attended any courses related to animal husbandry and only 11.80% of them have participated. It was determined that 72.53% of the owners are not a member of any agricultural organization and 44.29% of the breeders have experiences ranged from 11-20 years. 62.86% of the enterprises have found to have ≤ 5 aminals. In 45.07% of the enterprises, hybrid cattle are cultivated and 62.09% of the enterprises make combined (milk and meat) production. 72.53% of the breeders were found to be satisfied with animal husbandry and 48.55% of the enterprises stated that the high feed prices is the biggest problem in the sector. It was determined that the milking is made by hand in 83.56% of the enterprises. 90.72% of enterprises do not have silage pits and 53.58% of enterprises do not keep any records. It was determined that 97.68% of the farms do not have milking parlor and 64.41% do not have calf compartment. 82.98% of the barns have connected stall and 71.18% of them have wooden roof. It was determined that 4.26% of the barns did not have windows and 42.55% of them did not have a pit (cesspool).

The aim of this study was to determine the structural characteristics of cattle farms in Ordu. In the study, data that were obtained by conducting surveys in cattle farms located in the center and districts of Ordu province were used. The surveyed enterprises were divided into four groups according to the number of animals that they have; ≥ 5 cattle, 6-15 cattle, 16-29 cattle and ≥ 30 cattle. 7.74% of the enterprises examined was determined to be owned by person who is not literate and 54.16% of the owners are primary school graduates. It was determined that the household comprises more than 4 persons in 44.87% of the enterprises. 23.21% of the breeders stated that they do not have social security. It was found that 87.91% of the breeders have not attended any courses related to animal husbandry and only 11.80% of them have participated. It was determined that 72.53% of the owners are not a member of any agricultural organization and 44.29% of the breeders have experiences ranged from 11-20 years. 62.86% of the enterprises have found to have ≤ 5 aminals. In 45.07% of the enterprises, hybrid cattle are cultivated and 62.09% of the enterprises make combined (milk and meat) production. 72.53% of the breeders were found to be satisfied with animal husbandry and 48.55% of the enterprises stated that the high feed prices is the biggest problem in the sector. It was determined that the milking is made by hand in 83.56% of the enterprises. 90.72% of enterprises do not have silage pits and 53.58% of enterprises do not keep any records. It was determined that 97.68% of the farms do not have milking parlor and 64.41% do not have calf compartment. 82.98% of the barns have connected stall and 71.18% of them have wooden roof. It was determined that 4.26% of the barns did not have windows and 42.55% of them did not have a pit (cesspool).