Balık Atıklarının Mısır (Zea mays var. İntendata) Bitkisinde Biyolojik Gübre Olarak Kullanılabilme Potansiyellerinin Belirlenmesi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada farklı dozlarda balık atığı kompostu uygulanmış mısır bitkilerinin bazı büyüme ve fizyolojik özellikleri kimyasal gübre uygulanmış bitki örnekleriyle karşılaştırılarak balık atıklarının biyolojik gübre olarak kullanılabilme potansiyeli belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Balık atığı kompostu (BA) ve kimyasal gübre Diamonyum Fosfat (DAP) kontrol, %25, %50 ve %75 oranlarında uygulanmıştır. Bitki örneklerinde bitki boyu, toplam ağırlık, yaprak sayısı, yaprak alan indeksi, gövde çapı, ilk koçan yüksekliği, kök uzunluğu ile mısır bitkisinin yaprak ve sap örneklerinin alkol ile hazırlanan ekstraktlarında toplam fenolik madde, DPPH radikali giderme aktivitesi ile Demir (III) indirgenme antioksidan güç (FRAP) kapasiteleri belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca çalışmada kullanılan toprak örneklerinde CaCO3, pH, EC, organik madde, alınabilir P, ve K analizleri yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda elde edilen morfolojik verilerin istatistiki analiz sonuçlarına göre, bitki boyu uzunluğu, gövde çapı, kök ölçümü, yaprak sayısı, toplam ağırlık ve yaprak ağırlığı değerlerinin balık atığı kompostu uygulamalarında kimyasal gübreye göre yüksek ve istatistiki olarak önemli olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bitki yapraklarından hazırlanan ekstraktların toplam fenolik içerik değerleri sap kısımlarından daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Ayrıca fenolik madde içeriğinin etüvlenmemiş yaprak ekstratlarında balık atığı kompostunun ve kimyasal gübrenin doz artışına bağlı olarak arttığı görülmektedir. Etüvlenmiş olanlarda ise, kimyasal gübre artışına bağlı olarak fenolik içerikte artış olduğu dikkat çekmektedir. Balık atığı kompostu durumunda ise düzensiz bir değişim gözlemiştir. DPPH ve FRAP değerleri fenolik içerik değerleri ile de uyumlu olacak şekilde değişkenlik göstermektedir. Bu sonuçlar balık atığı kompostu uygulamasının önemli bir tarımsal girdi olan gübre yerine alternatif olarak kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir. Toprak analiz sonuçları değerlendirildiğinde killi, kuvvetli asidik, tuzlu ve düşük organik madde içeriğine sahip olduğu görülmüştür.,In this study, some growth and physiological characteristics of maize plants treated with different doses of fish waste compost were compared with plant samples treated with chemical fertilizers, and the potential of using fish waste as biological fertilizer was tried to be determined. Fish waste compost (FW) and chemical fertilizer Diammonium phosphate (DAP) were applied in control, 25%, 50% and 75% ratios. Plant height, dry biomass, number of leaves, leaf area index, stem diameter, first ear height, root length, in plant samples, and total phenolic substance, DPPH radical removal in extracts of corn plant leaf and stem samples prepared with alcohol. activity and Iron (III) reduction antioxidant power (FRAP) capacities were determined. In addition, CaCO3, pH, EC, organic matter, available P, K analyzes were made in the soil samples used in the study. According to the statistical analysis results of the morphological data obtained because of the study, it was determined that the plant height, stem diameter, root measurement, number of leaves, dry biomass and leaf weight values were higher and statistically significant in fish waste compost applications compared to chemical fertilizers. The total phenolic content values of the extracts prepared from the plant leaves were found to be higher than the stem parts. In addition, it was observed that the phenolic content of the untreated leaf extracts increased depending on the dose increase of fish waste compost and chemical fertilizer. Due to the increase in chemical fertilizers, the increase in the phenolic content of the cured ones draws attention. In the case of fish waste compost, an irregular change was observed. DPPH and FRAP values vary in accordance with phenolic content values. These results show that fish waste compost application can be used as an alternative to fertilizer, which is an important agricultural input. When the soil analysis results were evaluated, it was seen that it was clayey, strongly acidic, salty and had low organic matter content.

In this study, some growth and physiological characteristics of maize plants treated with different doses of fish waste compost were compared with plant samples treated with chemical fertilizers, and the potential of using fish waste as biological fertilizer was tried to be determined. Fish waste compost (FW) and chemical fertilizer Diammonium phosphate (DAP) were applied in control, 25%, 50% and 75% ratios. Plant height, dry biomass, number of leaves, leaf area index, stem diameter, first ear height, root length, in plant samples, and total phenolic substance, DPPH radical removal in extracts of corn plant leaf and stem samples prepared with alcohol. activity and Iron (III) reduction antioxidant power (FRAP) capacities were determined. In addition, CaCO3, pH, EC, organic matter, available P, K analyzes were made in the soil samples used in the study. According to the statistical analysis results of the morphological data obtained because of the study, it was determined that the plant height, stem diameter, root measurement, number of leaves, dry biomass and leaf weight values were higher and statistically significant in fish waste compost applications compared to chemical fertilizers. The total phenolic content values of the extracts prepared from the plant leaves were found to be higher than the stem parts. In addition, it was observed that the phenolic content of the untreated leaf extracts increased depending on the dose increase of fish waste compost and chemical fertilizer. Due to the increase in chemical fertilizers, the increase in the phenolic content of the cured ones draws attention. In the case of fish waste compost, an irregular change was observed. DPPH and FRAP values vary in accordance with phenolic content values. These results show that fish waste compost application can be used as an alternative to fertilizer, which is an important agricultural input. When the soil analysis results were evaluated, it was seen that it was clayey, strongly acidic, salty and had low organic matter content.