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http://earsiv.odu.edu.tr:8080/xmlui/handle/11489/1155
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DC Field | Value | Language |
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dc.contributor.author | Tekin, Esra | - |
dc.date.accessioned | 2022-08-12T08:17:05Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2022-08-12T08:17:05Z | - |
dc.date.issued | 2019 | - |
dc.date.submitted | 2019 | - |
dc.identifier.uri | http://earsiv.odu.edu.tr:8080/xmlui/handle/11489/1155 | - |
dc.description.abstract | Akıllı paket sistemlerine uygulanabilen zaman-sıcaklık indikatörleri, basit, uygun maliyetli ve kullanıcı dostu sistemler olarak tüketiciye içerisinde bulunan gıdanın kalite ve güvenilirliği konusunda bilgi vermektedir. Bu çalışmadaki esas amaç, betalain pigmentlerince zengin kırmızı pancar (Beta vulgaris L.) kökü ekstraktı kullanılarak, buzdolabı sıcaklığında bekletilmesi gereken gıdaların uygun olmayan sıcaklıklarda ve çeşitli sürelerde bekletilmesi ile gıda kalitesinde meydana gelen değişimlerin, paketteki renk değişimi ile gözlenebilmesini sağlayan zaman-sıcaklık indikatörü geliştirmektir. Çalışmanın ilk kısmında, kırmızı pancar kökünün pH 5.5, 7.5, 9.5 tampon çözeltilerinde ekstrakte edilmesi ile elde edilen betasiyanin pigmentlerinin bozulma kinetiği 4, 25, 40 ve 60oC sıcaklıklarında bekletilerek incelenmiştir. Ayrıca aynı sıcaklık ve pH koşullarındaki örneklere askorbik asit ilavesinin etkisi de incelenmiştir. Betasiyaninlerin bozunumunun tüm koşullar için birinci dereceden reaksiyon kinetiğini takip ettiği tespit edilmiştir. Reaksiyon hız sabiti (k) değerlerinin artan pH ve sıcaklık ile önemli derecede arttığı gözlenmiştir. Tüm sonuçlar içerisinde en düşük k değerine 4oC’de 5.5 pH’da askorbik asit ilave edilmiş örneklerde 0.006×10-3 dak-1 değeri ile ulaşılırken en yüksek k değerlerine 60°C’de 9.5 pH’da askorbik asit ilavesiz örneklerde 28.65×10-3 dak-1 değeri ile ulaşılmıştır. Aktivasyon enerjisi değerleri 53.4-87.7 kJ/mol arasında değişmektedir. Çalışmanın ikinci kısmında, aljinat (A) (%3) ve polivinil alkol (P) (%1) çözeltileri, bu polimerlerin farklı oranlardaki ((2:3), (1:1) ve (3:2)) karışımları (APVA) ve ayrıca A, P, APVA karışımlarına gliserol ilavesi ile elde edilen çözeltiler kullanılarak filmler oluşturulmuş ve elde edilen filmlerin tekstür analizi, TG/dTGA, FTIR ve SEM analizleri yapılmıştır. Buna ek olarak APVA (2:3), (1:1) ve (3:2) oranlarındaki karışımlara, gliserol, askorbik asit ve kırmızı pancar kökü ekstraktı ilave edilerek zaman sıcaklık indikatör (ZSİ-APVA) filmleri de oluşturulmuş ve benzer şekilde elde edilen filmlerde tekstür, TG/dTGA, FTIR ve SEM analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. TG/dTGA sonuçlarına bakıldığında tüm filmler için termal parçalanmanın üç aşamada gerçekleştiği görülmektedir. Gliserol ilavesiyle filmlerin elastik modülüs ve gerilme direnci değerlerinde azalma, uzama yüzdelerinde ise artış gözlenmiştir. Oluşturulan zaman sıcaklık indikatör filmlerinden, A ve P ‘nin sırası ile (3:2) oranındaki karışımı ile oluşturulan filmin, diğer indikatör filmlere oranla daha yüksek uzama yüzdesine (%51.71) sahip olduğu görülmüştür. III Çalışmanın son bölümünde elde edilen sonuçlar neticesinde A ve P ‘nin sırası ile (3:2) oranındaki karışımı kullanılarak hazırlanan zaman sıcaklık indikatörü filminde (ZSİ-APVA(3:2)) renk analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu amaçla elde edilen indikatör filmler 4, 25, 40 ve 60°C sıcaklıklarında, 0-7 gün süre ile bekletilerek, renkteki değişimler CIE L*a*b* sistemi kullanılarak ölçülmüştür. Elde edilen sonuçlar incelendiğinde, 4°C’de bekletilen filmin 7 gün boyunca renk değişimine uğramadığı, daha yüksek sıcaklıklarda bekletilen filmlerin ise sıcaklığa bağlı olarak, artan zaman ile aşamalı olarak renk değiştirdiği gözlenmiştir. Özellikle b* parametresindeki ve hue açısındaki değişimlerin daha belirgin olduğu, genel olarak 4°C dışında tüm sıcaklıklarda bekletilen filmlerin b* ve hue açısı değerlerinin birinci günden itibaren önemli derecede artış gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir.,Time temperature indicators applied to intelligent packaging inform consumers about quality and safety of food inside as simple, low-cost and user-friendly systems. The main purpose of this study is to develop time temperature indicator from red beetroot (Beta Vulgaris L.) extract, which is rich in betalain pigment, in order to monitor the quality changes of the foods, which are improperly stored but normally must be refrigereted, through color changes of the packaging metarial. Firstly, kinetic degradation of betacyanin pigments derived from extraction of red beetroot in pH 5.5, 7.5, 9.5 buffer solutions, examined by exposing at 4, 25, 60oC temperatures. Furthermore, the effect of ascorbic acid addition on betacyanin degradation was also investigated at the same conditions. It was established that, degradation of betacyanin follows first order kinetics at all conditions. It was observed that reaction rate constant (k) increased significantly with increasing pH and temperature. The lowest k value was obtained from the sample kept at 4oC and 5.5 pH with ascorbic acid while the highest k value was seen in the sample kept at 60oC and 9.5 pH without ascorbic acid. The activation energy changed between 53.4- 87.7 kJ/mole ranges. Secondly, the films formed by alginate (A) (%3) and polyvinyl alcohol (P) (%1) solutions, the films formed by blending alginate (A) and polyvinyl alcohol (P) solutions (APVA) at different ratios ((2:3), (1:1), (3:2)) and moreover, the films formed by glycerol addition to A, P and APVA solutions were characterized with texture, TG/dTGA, FTIR and SEM analysis. Additionaly, time temperature indicator films formed by addition of glycerol, ascorbic acid and red beetroot extract to APVA solutions with different ratios ((2:3), (1:1) and (3:2)) were also analyzed for texture, TG/dTGA, FTIR and SEM images. The results of TG/dTGA showed that thermal degradation of all films occurred at three stages. Upon mixing with glycerol both elastic modulus and tensile strength of films decreased, whereas elongation at break increased. It was observed that, time temperature indicator film with (3:2) ratio (ZSİAPVA(3:2)), showed higher elongation at break (51.71%) than other time temperature indicator films formed. Lastly, under the light of the result obtained, time temperature indicator film, formed with A and P solutions of a ratio of 3:2 (ZSİ-APVA(3:2)), respectively, used for colourimetric analysis. For this purpose, obtained time temperature indicator films were stored at 4, 25, 40 and 60°C temperatures and 0-7 days and the color change of V films were measured by using CIE L*a*b* system. The results showed that, the films stored at 4°C, did not undergo color change for 7 days, whereas films that were stored at higher temperatures underwent color changes gradually during storage depending on the storage temperature. It was found that the changes in b* parameters and hue angle values were more pronounced; and generally b* and hue angle values of the samples stored above 4°C started to increase significantly begining of the first day. | en_US |
dc.description.abstract | Time temperature indicators applied to intelligent packaging inform consumers about quality and safety of food inside as simple, low-cost and user-friendly systems. The main purpose of this study is to develop time temperature indicator from red beetroot (Beta Vulgaris L.) extract, which is rich in betalain pigment, in order to monitor the quality changes of the foods, which are improperly stored but normally must be refrigereted, through color changes of the packaging metarial. Firstly, kinetic degradation of betacyanin pigments derived from extraction of red beetroot in pH 5.5, 7.5, 9.5 buffer solutions, examined by exposing at 4, 25, 60oC temperatures. Furthermore, the effect of ascorbic acid addition on betacyanin degradation was also investigated at the same conditions. It was established that, degradation of betacyanin follows first order kinetics at all conditions. It was observed that reaction rate constant (k) increased significantly with increasing pH and temperature. The lowest k value was obtained from the sample kept at 4oC and 5.5 pH with ascorbic acid while the highest k value was seen in the sample kept at 60oC and 9.5 pH without ascorbic acid. The activation energy changed between 53.4- 87.7 kJ/mole ranges. Secondly, the films formed by alginate (A) (%3) and polyvinyl alcohol (P) (%1) solutions, the films formed by blending alginate (A) and polyvinyl alcohol (P) solutions (APVA) at different ratios ((2:3), (1:1), (3:2)) and moreover, the films formed by glycerol addition to A, P and APVA solutions were characterized with texture, TG/dTGA, FTIR and SEM analysis. Additionaly, time temperature indicator films formed by addition of glycerol, ascorbic acid and red beetroot extract to APVA solutions with different ratios ((2:3), (1:1) and (3:2)) were also analyzed for texture, TG/dTGA, FTIR and SEM images. The results of TG/dTGA showed that thermal degradation of all films occurred at three stages. Upon mixing with glycerol both elastic modulus and tensile strength of films decreased, whereas elongation at break increased. It was observed that, time temperature indicator film with (3:2) ratio (ZSİAPVA(3:2)), showed higher elongation at break (51.71%) than other time temperature indicator films formed. Lastly, under the light of the result obtained, time temperature indicator film, formed with A and P solutions of a ratio of 3:2 (ZSİ-APVA(3:2)), respectively, used for colourimetric analysis. For this purpose, obtained time temperature indicator films were stored at 4, 25, 40 and 60°C temperatures and 0-7 days and the color change of V films were measured by using CIE L*a*b* system. The results showed that, the films stored at 4°C, did not undergo color change for 7 days, whereas films that were stored at higher temperatures underwent color changes gradually during storage depending on the storage temperature. It was found that the changes in b* parameters and hue angle values were more pronounced; and generally b* and hue angle values of the samples stored above 4°C started to increase significantly begining of the first day. | en_US |
dc.language.iso | tur | en_US |
dc.publisher | Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü | en_US |
dc.rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess | en_US |
dc.subject | Akıllı Paketleme, Aljinat, Askorbik Asit, Betalain, Kırmızı Pancar Kökü, PVA, Zaman Sıcaklık İndikatörü,Alginate, Ascorbic Acid, Betalain, Intelligent Packaging, PVA, Red Beetroot, Time Temperature Indicator | en_US |
dc.title | Zaman-Sıcaklık İndikatörü Olarak Kırmızı Pancardan (Beta Vulgaris l.) Elde Edilen Betalainler ile Akıllı Paket Oluşturulması | en_US |
dc.title.alternative | DESIGN OF AN INTELLIGENT PACKAGE CONTAINING BETALAINS EXTRACTED FROM RED BEETROOT (Beta Vulgaris L.) AS TIMETEMPERATURE INDICATOR | en_US |
dc.type | masterThesis | en_US |
dc.contributor.department | Ordu Üniversitesi | en_US |
dc.contributor.department | Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü | en_US |
Appears in Collections: | Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü |
Files in This Item:
File | Description | Size | Format | |
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10238168_Esra Tekin_2019.pdf | 10238168 | 5.45 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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