Alpin Meralarda, Farklı Yöneylere Bakan Korunan Ve Otlatılan Alanların Bitki Örtülerinin İncelenmesi

Abstract

Bu araştırma Giresun İli Dereli İlçesine bağlı Tamdere köyü Alpin meralarında, doğu ve batı yöneyine bakan korunan ve otlatılan mera alanlarında 2013 yılında yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada meraların; botanik kompozisyonu, bitkilerin toprağı kaplama oranı, mera durumu ve sağlığı, kuru ot verimi ve otlatma kapasitesi incelenmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre; 30 familyaya ait 7 tanesi endemik olmak üzere toplam 132 takson belirlenmiştir. Korunan meraların botanik kompozisyonunda buğdaygiller % 31.32, baklagiller % 16.49, diğer familyalar % 52.17, otlatılan meralarda ise buğdaygiller % 40.31, baklagiller % 11.17 ve diğer familyalar % 48.51 oranında bulunmuştur. Farklı yöneylere bakan korunan ve otlatılan meraların ortalama olarak toprağı kaplama oranı sırasıyla % 83.26 ve % 80.77'dir. Araştırma yapılan meraların tamamı sağlıklı orta sınıf mera kategorisinde yer almıştır. Korunan alanlarda kuru ot verimi ortalama olarak 306.32 kg/da, otlatılan alanlarda ise 150.56 kg/da olarak bulunmuştur. Korunan ve otlatılan meralarda otlatma kapasiteleri sırasıyla 0,6 BBHB/ha ve 0,3 BBHB/ha olarak bulunmuş olup, incelenen meraların kapasitelerinin üzerinde otlatıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Bitki örtüsü durumu göz önünde bulundurulduğunda; mevcut meralarda yönetim, otlatma kapasitesine göre planlanmalıdır. Bununla birlikte mera ıslah çalışmalarına ağırlık verilmeli, yabancı otlarla mücadele, üstten tohumlama ve gübreleme yapılmalıdır.,This study was carried in protected and grazed of facing east and west directions in alpine pastures in Tamdere Village area in Giresun in 2013. In study; botanical composition, plant coverage rate of the soil, pasture condition and health, hay yields, and grazing capacity of pastures were investigated. According to the results obtained from the research, 132 taxa were identified which has 7 endemic from 30 families. Analyzing botanical composition according to family, In the protected pastures, the average of composition were found as 31.32 % grasses, 16.49 % legumes and 52.17 % other plant families, in the grazed pastures the average of composition as 40.31 % grasses, 11.17 % legumes and 48.51 % other plant families. Protected and Grazed fields of facing different directions Plant coverage rate are 83.26 % and 80.77 % respectively. All pastures were surveyed as in the category of healthy medium class. Hay yields of protected and grazed pastures were 306.32kg/da and 150.56kg/da, respectively. In the protected and grazed pastures the grazing capacity were determined 0.6 and 0.3 animal units/ha, respectively. It is determined that the studied pastures were overgrazed in terms of their capacity. According to situation of vegetation, the management should be planned for grazing capacity. Pasture breeding studies should be paid attention. In addition to these weed control, top seeding and fertilizing should be made.

This study was carried in protected and grazed of facing east and west directions in alpine pastures in Tamdere Village area in Giresun in 2013. In study; botanical composition, plant coverage rate of the soil, pasture condition and health, hay yields, and grazing capacity of pastures were investigated. According to the results obtained from the research, 132 taxa were identified which has 7 endemic from 30 families. Analyzing botanical composition according to family, In the protected pastures, the average of composition were found as 31.32 % grasses, 16.49 % legumes and 52.17 % other plant families, in the grazed pastures the average of composition as 40.31 % grasses, 11.17 % legumes and 48.51 % other plant families. Protected and Grazed fields of facing different directions Plant coverage rate are 83.26 % and 80.77 % respectively. All pastures were surveyed as in the category of healthy medium class. Hay yields of protected and grazed pastures were 306.32kg/da and 150.56kg/da, respectively. In the protected and grazed pastures the grazing capacity were determined 0.6 and 0.3 animal units/ha, respectively. It is determined that the studied pastures were overgrazed in terms of their capacity. According to situation of vegetation, the management should be planned for grazing capacity. Pasture breeding studies should be paid attention. In addition to these weed control, top seeding and fertilizing should be made.